Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis  is a highly threatened and rare ground nesting bird species inhabiting in Nepal, India, Cambodia and Vietnam with a world population of only 250-999.  It is listed as a Critically Endangered species in the IUCN Red List category because of its small and rapidly declining population due to widespread loss of grassland habitat in its range. This bustard occurs in the alluvial grasslands of Chitwan National Park, Bardia National Park, Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Koshi Tappu WildlifeReserve and Koshi Barrage areas in Nepal and is regularly recorded in first three protected areas. The legal status of this globally threatened species in Nepal is Protected (Appendix I) under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973 and Appendix I in CITES law. A survey was carried out between April and May 2007 to determine the present status and distribution of Bengal Florican and to distinguish whether its population had changed or not since the last surveys in Chitwan, Bardia and Suklaphanta.  

A total of 28-36 adult population of Bengal Florican was estimated in the three protected areas of Nepal. Compared to past studies, the population has declined by 56% since 1982 and by 30% since 2001.

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