This paper focuses on the integration of conservation of forest genetic resources with development aimed at local people, and the potential role of seed centres in conserving valuable species. The issues of deforestation and frontier forests in Asia are discussed, as well as the biodiversity of species in use, and the increasing use of the endangered tree species. A decentralized establishment of seed sources and seed distribution in Nepal is also discussed. The main objective of the Tree Improvement and Silviculture Component is to organize the distribution of seed of indigenous tree species to farmers. The importance and rarity of the most-valued fodder species in Nepal and their conservation are discussed.