In the lowland Terai of Nepal, two types of grassland are found, riparian tall-grass floodplains, and wooded grasslands/phantas. The floodplain grasslands, which consist of tall, perennial grasses, are established and maintained by fluvial action and flooding; the wooded grasslands and phantas consist of shorter perennial grass and originated following human intervention (forest clearing, burning, grazing of domestic stock, and cultivation). Both of these types of grassland have traditionally been utilized by local villagers for different purposes. In addition, both types of grassland are periodically burnt, either intentionally by protected area managers or by local people. Field studies in the protected areas of Koshi Tappu, Chitwan, Bardia, and Sukla Phanta have documented the crucial role that both types of grassland play in the conservation of several wild mammalian herbivores, and thus in the conservation of their carnivore predators. In these grasslands, various management interventions such as burning, grass harvesting, ploughing, and uprooting of tree saplings are carried out by reserve authorities. Recent research suggests that rotational cutting and patch burning spread over a longer time during the dry season should be practised. Similarly, smaller wooded grasslands and phantas should be created within the surrounding sal forests in Royal Bardia National Park. Finally, it is suggested that long-term research should be conducted on the ecological effects of cutting and burning in the tall-grass floodplain and the effects on the productivity and mineral balance of the wooded grasslands and phantas. Research into grazing lawns and grazing pressure, and on proposed experimental clear felling in mature sal ( Shorea robusta ) and asna ( Terminalia tomentosa ) forest to create wooded grasslands and phantas is emphasised.