In a study at the Sagarnath Forest Project, Sarlahi District, Nepal, 6 provenances from the 4 major southern Nepal watersheds showed substantial differences in survival, form, growth and vigour. The results are presented and analysed in detail. The Kailali (Seti River) provenance was outstanding for volume production, and is recommended for planting. A seed production programme in genetically superior natural stands of provenances, and a tree selection and breeding programme (using vegetative reproduction techniques) are recommended.