Altitude approximately 1000-2000 m in the west; 1000-1700 m in the east.
(a) Pinus roxburghii forest:
It is characteristically almost pure Pinus roxburghii. In far west at higher altitudes it may be associated with Olea ferruginea, Pistacia spp etc.
(b) Schima-Castanopsis forest:
Schima wallichii occurs throughout, with Castanopsis indica commoner below 1200 m and Castanopsis tribuloides above this altitude.
(c) Alnus nepalensis forest:
Found within two preceding types of forest in the wet areas along streams and ravines, and as a colonizer of soil newly exposed by landslides. Associate is Lyonia ovalifolia.
(d) Riverain forest with Toona and Albizzia species:
It is confined to narrow strips along streams, and is very mixed in composition. Common species of this forest are: Cedrela, Toona ciliata, Albizzia mollis and Pandanus nepalensis.