Altitude 2000-2700 m in the west, 1700-2400 m in the east.
(a) Forest of Quercus leucotrichophora and Quercus lanata
Of the two psecies of oak, Quercus leucotricophora is commoner in the west and Quercus lanata in the east.
(b) Quercus floribunda forest:
Confined to western Nepal, where it replaces the previous type of *oak forest on wet sites. Sometimes associated with Aesculus indica and Acer spp.
(c) Quercus lamellosa forest: Replaces Quercus lanata forest in areas of high rainfall. It is often associated with the Lauraceae.
(d) Lower temperate mixed broadleaved forest, with abundant Lauraceae:
It contains a large number of the Lauraceae family, including Machilus spp., Neplitsea cuipala,  Cinnamomum tamala and Litsea spp.; Michelia kisopa is also frequent. Sometime contains Quercus lamellosa also.
(e) Pinus wallichiana forest (lower type):
In the lower temperate forest it is usually found on dry, south-facing slopes. It often colonizes abandoned cultivation.