1. Dalbergia sissoo (Nepali=Sisau; English=Sissoo)
Family:-Leguminosea
Distribution:-Grows upto 1500m; it is characteristics of alluvial soil adjoining the rivers, often associated with Acacia catechu.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Large, deciduous tree, strong light demander, frost hardy, moderately drought hardy, coppice strongly.
|
Jan.- March
53000 s/kg.
Germination=90% |
stump planting, direct sowing, root cutting. |
building, furniture, cart wheels, tool handles, etc
|
2. Acacia catechu (Nepali=Khair)
Family:- Leguminoseae
Distribution:- Extends to about 900 m.(exceptionally to 1400 m.). It is usually found on the beds of the rivers.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Deciduous tree and strong light demander, frost hardy, moderately drought hardy, coppice strongly, destroyed by grazing. |
Dec.- March
40,000 s/kg.
germination= 60-80%
viability= 1 year. |
Direct sowing, Entire planting, Stump planting. |
Manufacture of katha and cutch and also used as timber. |
3. Pinus roxburghii (Nepali=Khote salla, aule salla, rani salla; English=Chir pine)
Family:- Pinaceae
Distribution:- 1000 m to 1800 m; it reaches 2700 m in dry upper valleys of Karnali and Bheri.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Evergreen, light demander, frost and fire hardy, do not coppice. |
Feb - April
1800-12300 s/kg.
Germination= 80%
Viability=1 year |
Direct sowing, Entire planting. |
used in construction works, and also very valuable resin is tapped from it. |
4. Alnus nepalensis (Nepali=Utis; English=Alder)
Family:-Betulaceae
Distribution:-900 m - 2700 m.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Pioneer species liable to be damage by browsing, light demander, moderately frost hardy. |
Nov - March
40000-230000 s/kg.
germination= 70%
Viability=4 months |
Direct sowing, Entire planting |
as a fuelwood and timber, though it is not considered good. |
5. Cedrus deodara (Nepali=devdara.dewar; English=Deodar)
Family:-Pinaceae
Distribution:-1900 - 2600m.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Light demander, frost hardy, liable to damage by browsing, fire sensitive, evergreen, don't coppice |
Sept - Oct
7000 - 9000 s/kg
Germination=80-90% |
Direct sowing, Entire planting. |
Valuable timber, strong and durable, used for construction, general carpentry, railway sleepers, etc. |
6. Schmia wallichii (Nepali=chilaune, aule chilaune, goe chassi)
Family:-Theaceae
Distribution:-Sub-tropical (1000 m.- 2000 m.)
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Large evergreen dominant spp. with Castanopsis indica, Shade tolerant, frost hardy, dieback. |
Jan - Feb
3,00,000 s/kg
Germination=40%
Viability=1-3 weeks |
Entire planting |
Fuelwood, house building, sleepers, planks and scantlings, plough, etc. |
7. Shorea robusta (Nepali=Sal, agrath, sakhuwa)
Family:-Dipterocarpaceae
Distribution:-Max. 1500 m, common from Terai to 1000 m.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Deciduous, light demander, frost hardy, drought sensitive, dieback, coppice strongly. |
June
575-1000 s/kg
Viability=1 Week |
Entire planting |
Main constructional timber in Nepal, used for construction of the doors, window frames, planks, carts, carving, sleepers, etc. |
8. Castanopsis indica (Nepali= Dhale Katus, Banj Katus)
Family:-Fagaceae
Distribution:-grows between 1200 and 2900 m.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Evergreen, associated with Schima wallichii, coppice well,small plant, frost tender |
Sep.-Oct.
1300 nuts/kg. |
Direct sowing, entire planting. |
Building and shingles, lopped for fodder, etc. |
9.Terminalia alata (Nepali = asna, saj; English=Indian laurel)
Family:-Combretaceae
Distribution:-200 m - 1400 m. associated with sal.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Deciduous tree, light demander, pH upto 8.4, fairly tolerant to fire, drought sensitive, coppice fairly, pollards well. |
Feb - March
13000 s/kg.
Germination=35 to70%
|
Direct sowing, Entire planting, |
used for joists, doors, window frames, carts, ploughs, rice pounders, leaves as fodder, etc. |
10. Bombax ceiba (Nepali=simal; English=Red silk cotton)
Family:-Bombacaceae
Distribution:- upto 1500 m. Terai, Bhabar and Dun.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Deciduous, buttress at base, strong light demander, drought resistant, Moderately frost hardy, coppice badly. |
April-may
21000-33500 s/kg
Germination= 45.70%
|
Direct sowing, Entire planting, stump planting |
Match manufacture, packing cases,toys, plywood, fuelwood, fodder, etc. |
11. Michelia champaca (Nepali=Champ, suna champ, aule champ, phul champ)
Family:-Magnoliaceae
Distribution:-450 m - 1500 m.,
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Evergreen,moderate light demander, seedling grow under high shade, moderately frost hardy, fire sensitive, coppice well. |
Aug - Nov
15000 s/kg.
Germination=10-80%
Viability=2 weeks |
Entire planting, Direct sowing. |
fodder, timber used for carpentry, construction,doors, windows, etc. |
12. Tectona grandis (Nepali=sagawan; English=Teak)
Family:-Verbenaceae
Distribution:-It is exotic spp.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Deciduous, light demander, not tolerant suppression, frost tender, draught sensite, fire resistant, strong coppice. |
Nov-june
1850-3100 s/kg
Germination=60% |
Stump planting |
used for house building, ship and boats, furniture, sleepers, veneers, fuelwood, etc. |
13. Eucalyptus spp. (Nepali= Masala; English= Eucalyptus)
Family:-Myrtaceae
Distribution:-It is exotic spp.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Evergreen, aromatic leaf, planted in water logged area, light demander, frost hardy, fast growing spp., strong coppice. |
|
Seed sowing |
Timber, fuelwood, electric poles, oil, etc. |
14. Populas spp. (Nepali=Lahare pipal; English=poplar)
Family:-Salicaceae
Distribution:-It is exotic spp.
| Silvicultural characters |
Seed collection |
Propagation |
Uses |
| Require high water table but cannot stand water logged, light demander, frost hardy, fast growing spp. |
|
Cutting |
boxes, matches,veneer, paper pulp, poles, fuelwood |
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