Species diversity

• 2.7% of flowering plants
• 9.3% of birds
• 4.5% of mammals
• 1.2% of fish
• 1.4% of reptiles and amphibians

Floral diversity

• Flowering plants 6,500 species
• Endemic Plants 375 species
• Medicinal Plants 700 species
• Fungi 1822 species
• Lichen 465 species
• Algae 687 species

Faunal diversity

• Mammals 181
• Birds 863
• Herpatofauna (A & R) 143
• Fishes 185 species
• Butterflies 640 species
• Moths 600 Species
• Spider 144 Species

Distribution of Rangelands in different Regions (12% of land area is covered by rangeland)

• Terai: 3%
• Siwalik: 1%
• Mid-mountain: 16%
• High Mountain: 29%
• High himal: 15%

Distribution of Rangelands in different Regions: 1.75 million hectare

Distribution of Wetlands in different Regions (2.6% of land area is covered by wetland)

• Rivers: 53%
• Paddy fields: 44%
• Lakes: 1%
• Village ponds: 1%
• Marshland: 1%

Wetlands type in Nepal

Unique Features of Nepal

• Transitional location between Paleartic and Indo-Malayan Realm: Meeting point of Eastern & Western Himalayas. Diverse topography (75m - 8848m). Climatic zone (Tropical to Arctic). 11 bio-climatic zones from tropical to nival (Dobremez)
• In Nepal, there are 35 Forest types, 75 Vegetation types and 118 Ecosystems types (T10, S13M MH 52, M 38, O5 )
• Nepal- harbors 0.09% of World‟s landmass.
• Nepal is exceptionally diverse in bird species. 193 species of birds are wetland dependent 172 plant species of major wetlands have been identified by IUCN, 1000 plant species are of known use and 375 plant species are endemic to Nepal.
• Cheer pheasant and swamp francolin are globally threatened species

Representation of No of Ecosystems in PAs

PAs coverage in percentage