It occurs at altitudes from about 2700m to 3100m in the west and centre, and from 2400m to 2800m in the east.

1. Quercus semecarpifolia Forest: It is found in central and eastern Nepal between 2400 to 3000 m, but in the west, it extends up to 3700m in the Karnali region. Rhododendron arboreum and Ilex dipyrena are common understorey species.
2. Upper temperate mixed broadleaved Forest: It is found east of the Kali Gandaki river between 2400 m to 3150 m. It is very mixed in composition. Acer species and Rhododendron arboreum are common throughout and Lauraceae (Litsea, Lindera, Neolitsea) are common understorey trees. Tsuga dumosa often occurs in it and form almost pure patches on ridges and drier sites.
3. Rhododendron Forest: Rhododendron arboreum occurs in very moist places of far east Nepal. Besides, Rhododendron barbatum, R. grande and R. falconeri are typical of this type of forest.
4. Upper temperate coniferous Forest: In this type Pinus wallichiiana, which occurs at altitudes of upto 4000m, is distributed almost throughout. It is often almost pure especially on southfacing slopes. In moister area in western Nepal, it is associated with Abies pindrow, Picea smithiana and Cedrus deodara. This type of forest is common in Humla Jumla area. In very dry Mustang region, it is associated with Juniperus indica. In central and eastern Nepal Pinus wallichiiana forest, Tsuga dumosa, Taxus baccata and Acer species are common associate species.