Land: includes not only the soil resource, but also the water, vegetation, landscape, and microclimatic components of an ecosystem.
Land degradation: temporary or permanent lowering of the productive capacity of land
It covers the various forms of soil degradation, adverse human impacts on water resources, deforestation, and lowering of the productive capacity of rangelands.
Land degradation is a major problem in all South Asian countries. Degradation caused by water is perhaps the greatest challenge facing South Asia, as many areas have periods of high rainfall and steep mountainous regions. The steep terrain of Nepal is susceptible to soil erosion and landslides.
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