• 1958: Wildlife Protection Act (establishment of “rhino patrol”)
• 1972: National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act (Wildlife Section in Department of Forest)
• 1974: NP&WL Conservation Regulation placed restriction on use of resources in Terai PAs
• 1979: Mountain NP Regulation provided right to local community on use of forest resources
• 1980: Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation
• 1989: Amendment in the Act (provision of Conservation Area)- A national NGO received Management responsibility of the ACA
• 1992: The 4th Amendment of the NPWC Act, Buffer Zone concept
• 2000: Landscape conservation- TAL, SHL, Annapurna-Chitwan Landscape, Regional Approach- Kailash SL, Kanchenjunga, People‟s participation in conservation and management of wildlife: Policy on wildlife farming, captive elephant mgmt, and handover of mgmt responsibility of NP
• 2006: Kanchanjunga Conservation Area regulation: Community based organizations entrusted with the responsibility of protected area management. Management responsibility handed over to Kanchanjunga Conservation Area Management Committee (KCA-MC)

Shifts in Conservation Approaches

• 1970's: More emphasis on strict protection
• 1980's: Participatory approach by establishing Conservation Areas
• 1990's: Buffer Zone concept 2000 onward: Landscape level conservation initiatives Regional Approach