Theoretical buffer zone:

• Protective layer
• Low use area

Buffer zone in Nepal’s context

• Impact zone
• Focus on special need of local people
• Strict control of forest of core area
• Intensified agriculture and forestry on public and private land
• Increase production of natural resources that are in local demand

Guiding policies for PA mgmt

• Act & Regulations of PAs
• 25 year Forestry Sector Master Plan,1988
• Nepal Biodiversity Strategy, 2002 and Implementation Plan, 2006
• Management Plans of PAs/BZ
• Species Conservation Action Plans
• Work-plans of CBOs (UG, UC)

Strategies

• PA Revenue sharing (30-50-% of Park revenue channeled back to the buffer zone)
• Participatory approach in conservation and development
• Devolution of power to local people
  • Ownership of buffer zone forest (Managed as Community forest by the community)
  • CBOs authorized for mobilization of all resources by forming groups/committees
• Community mobilization
  • CBOs authorized for mobilization of all resources by forming groups/committees
• Strengthen community institutions (BZ Networking Forum, Nat. Coordination Forum of BZ & CA- 2008)
• Community capital generation
• Biodiversity conservation facility

Five capitals: Social, Human, Financial, Natural, Physical

Budget allocation of revenue in Buffer zone

• Conservation Program : 30 percent
• Community Development Program : 30 percent
• Income generating and Skill Development Program : 20 percent
• Conservation Education Program : 10 percent
• Administrative Expenses : 10 percent