Altitude ranging from 1000 m to 2000 m in the west and 1000 m to 1700 m in the east.

1. Pinus roxburghii Forest: It is found in the west of Nepal extensively. In the east, it is found in large river valleys. It is almost pure. In the far west at higher altitude, it may be associated with Olea ferruginea, Pistacia species, etc. In transitional areas, it may be mixed with Schima wallichii or Shorea robusta.
2. Schima-castanopsis Forest: This replaces Pinus roxburghii forest in central and eastern Nepal. On moisture site, Schima wallichii occurs throughout with Castanopsis indica which is common below 1200m and Castapsis tribuloides above this altitude. Schima-Castanopsis forests cover very large areas of the mid-hills, but much of it has been cleared for cultivation and very small passages are left.
3. Alnus nepalensis Forest: It is found either in wet areas along streams or a colonizer of soil newly exposed by landslips. It is also frequently found on areas of abandoned cultivation. Alnus nepalensis is dominant and almost pure, with some Lyonia ovalifolia in places.
4. Riverain forest with Toona and Albizia species: It is confined to narrow strips along streams and is very mixed in compositions. Pandanus nepalensis is frequently found in the understorey.