This book is an outcome of field work involving scientists and local experts involved in the WWF Nepal Program and People and Plants applied ethnobotany project, which is a component of the Northern Mountains Conservation Project implemented in cooperation with the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation in Shey Phoksundo National Park and its buffer zone in north-west Nepal. The book attempts to bring together the traditional knowledge of the amchis of Dolpo related to the ecology, management and sustainable use of medicinal plants. It is also an attempt to promote the exchange of knowledge between the amchis of the Himalayan region, as well as with other resource stakeholders, in order to further conservation and the sustainable use of medicinal plants. The book has three parts: Part I describes the medical and ethno-ecological knowledge and practices of the amchis; Part II discusses the relationship between conservation, health care and the trade of medicinal plants; and Part III contains descriptions of selected medicinal plants that are most important in terms of their use by the amchis, their conservation significance and economic value.